Brian Hamilton-Vise

I know that what I am asking is impossible. But in our time, as in every time, the impossible is the least that one can demand. —James Baldwin

The Elevated Style of God

“…[W]hether it is the prediction of the prophets or the Law of Moses that is asserted to be divine and divinely inspired, the claim is put in the clearest light and is proved by the fact that Christ came to this world. For before what had been predicted by them was fulfilled, even though the predictions were true and inspired by God, nevertheless they could not demonstrated to be true to the degree that they were not yet proved fulfilled. But the coming of Christ makes clear that what they had said was true and divinely inspired, since before that it might have been held as uncertain whether the conclusion that had been predicted would be fulfilled. Moreover, if someone considers the prophetic writings with all the diligence and reverence they are worth, while he reads and examines with great care, it is certain that in that very act he will be struck in his mind and sense by some more divine breath and will recognize that the books he reads have not been produced in a human way, but are words of God. And in himself he will discern that the books have been written not by human art or moral eloquence but, if I may say so, by the elevated style of God. And so, the splendor of the coming of Christ, by illuminating the law of Moses with the radiance of truth, removed that veil which had been placed over the letter, and laid open for all who believe in Him the good things that were hidden covered within (cf. 2 Cor. 3:15–16).”

— Origen, On First Principles IV.1.vi

It’s true that Origen treats of the Old Testament as a pile of prophecies according to the letter, which will likely keep him from discovering anything instructive in the stories of the Israelites themselves. In this way he repeats the mistake of Barnabus or Justin Martyr, thinking that the real value of the Old Testament lies predominantly in its spiritual meaning–though with Origen we do begin to see a bit more appreciation for the ‘ordinary sense’ which so fruitfully instructs the ‘common people’. But I find this passage inspiring nonetheless, for Origen’s promising insight that the coming of Christ confirms the truth of the law of Moses and the Hebrew prophets, freeing them to shine ‘with the radiance of truth’ proper to a gift of God.

10 February 2007 | Comments (3)
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» On 13 February 2007, Casey said:
<p>I&#8217;m going to have to disagree with you, friend, in your rather dismissive statement about Origen&#8217;s treatment of Hebrew Scriptures. First of all, Origen&#8217;s quote must be understood within the context of his argument in First Principles, namely, to prove that God is Incarnate in the Scriptures&#8212;that these words and stories have developed by the working of the Holy Spirit. He does not want anyone to approach any part of the Bible lightly (or too literally). His point about Israel&#8217;s prophets is meant to serve the Truth of Scripture in that Christ fulfilled them. Origen recognizes the vast wisdom in the Old Testament, and he spends too much time theologizing and interpreting for us to claim he thought they were &#8220;a pile of prophecies.&#8221; Indeed, his reading of Genesis and Song of Songs serve as fundamental for his entire theology. He does not dismiss them, but approaches the stories of the Israelites through the light Christ brings in his fulfillment of Israel&#8217;s prophets. </p>

<p>(I should be writing a Senior Essay&#8212;but this was much more fun. And I apologize if I&#8217;m not smart enough for your blog&#8230;.Peace)</p>
» On 13 February 2007, Brian Hamilton said:
<p>Not smart enough for my blog&#8212;you just took me to task! Of course you&#8217;re right. For Origen, the Old Testament is incredibly profound, and a crucial source of instruction for every Christian. But it&#8217;s valuable precisely for the <em>spiritual mysteries</em> the stories mask, and only superficially for the literal sense of these stories, right? At least I haven&#8217;t seen him find much fruit in the real history of the Jews yet. It&#8217;s almost as if none of the stories really happened, but were all just invented for the sake of hiding some spiritual secret (to say it crassly). The Holy Spirit hides these mysteries in what &#8220;appear to be narratives&#8221; (IV.3.xi); the writers &#8220;portrayed those mysteries, known and revealed to them by the spirit, by <em>narrative them as</em> human deeds or by handing down in a type certain legal observances and rules&#8221; (IV.2.vii). So &#8216;prophecies&#8217; was a terrible word, but Origen does struggle to articulate the worth of Israel&#8217;s history <em>as</em> Israel&#8217;s history&#8212;though I certainly don&#8217;t want to deny him the mystical depth he discovers in these texts.</p>
» On 19 February 2007, Spencer said:
<p>You know it&#8217;s funny, yesterday I think I would have disagreed with you pretty strongly, but Cavadini convinced me of the opposite view from what he was arguing.  It&#8217;s not clear to me that Origen thinks that the body of Scripture is necessary other than in the way that some words, after all, are needed to communicate in writing.  The narratives mask the spiritual undertow pulsing underneath the text, but don&#8217;t seem to do much besides (at least, this is the impression that I get today).  </p>

<p>I also think I disagree with Cavadini about Origen&#8217;s posession of a more complex understanding of the literal sense than we do.  Origen seems to have no sense for the narrative use of hyperbole and metaphor, as seen in his treatment of Jesus&#8217; viewing of all the nations in the world at the top of his tall mountain.  I&#8217;m not sure why noting that this couldn&#8217;t strictly literally have happened means that we have to resort to something more &#8220;spiritual&#8221; than the author&#8217;s use of a non-literal but nonetheless quite ordinary use of language.  He seems to have drained all the richness from absolutely mundane human writing and speaking.</p>

<p>That being said, I do think he&#8217;s on to something.  At the very least, he is offering his own way off approaching the Scriptures as a continuation of St. Paul&#8217;s treatments of the yoking of oxen and the allegorizing of Hagar and Sarah.  I do find this link to be quite compelling &#8211; Paul practices a form of exegesis of the Old Testament that resembles Origen far more than us.</p>

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Brian Hamilton-Vise is a Ph.D. student in moral theology at the University of Notre Dame, where his research is in the history of Christian political and economic thought. His side interests are in the development of negative theology and in recent political theory. Email him at bdhamilton@gmail.com.

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